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How Far Will Montana’s Push to Remove Lead from School Drinking Water Go?_我的网站

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By Keely Larson | KFF Health News

But even with these two new pools of money intended to last two years, the state’s schools may struggle to remove all but the most dangerous sources of lead, considering about half the schools that tested their water between July 2020 and February 2022 found high lead levels. Medical experts say no amount of lead is safe to ingest.

“When you start replacing faucets and drinking fountains in the hundreds of schools that we have in Montana, that gets eaten up pretty quickly,” said Democratic state Rep. Paul Tuss, who added the state funding to an infrastructure bill passed this spring.

If the total were divided evenly among the approximately 590 schools that need to meet the state’s new lead testing rules, each school would receive less than $8,000 from the state to test and upgrade its faucets, pipes and water fountains. The state already knows that 110 schools have had at least one water fixture with lead levels of 15 parts per billion or higher, three times the level that requires action under Montana rules.

Most schools with lead levels over the state limit could address their “exceedances” with the state money, according to state Department of Environmental Quality spokesperson Moira Davin. “Our plan is to address as many schools as possible with this funding,” she said.

But part of the challenge for Montana is that it doesn’t yet know how extensive a problem its schools have. More than a fifth of the state’s schools facing the new rules — 129 facilities — hadn’t completed any sampling as of Aug. 3, said Greg Montgomery, the director of the department’s Lead in Schools program. And replacing a single school’s pipes can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.

“We are not talking about solving the whole problem here,” said Levin, who worked on lead exposure during her nearly 40 years at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Lead is particularly harmful to children and can lead to brain and nervous system damage and slowed development and growth. It typically gets into drinking water in schools through piping or fixtures. A 2020 state rule requires schools to test water supplies every three years. If lead concentrations surpass 5 parts per billion, fixtures must be addressed — and shut off if higher than 15 ppb.

Jessica Reyes, an economics professor at Amherst College, said prioritizing fountains or pipes with high lead levels after a “first draw” test could help a lot. The test measures lead in water the first time a faucet is turned on for the day, after the water’s been sitting in a pipe all night. That sample provides the best data to pinpoint the greatest risks, she said.

Running all faucets for a few minutes before kids get to school is quite protective for kids, Reyes added, because the quantity of lead diminishes as the water runs. But Reyes likes to imagine a kindergartner who gets to school early for free breakfast and drinks from a water fountain before anyone in the building clears the pipes.

“Everything kids need to grow — lead is the opposite of those,” Reyes said.

Montana officials will decide how to distribute the money from the legislature, reimbursing schools for costs such as installing new faucets, water filters, plumbing and water bottle filling stations. The federal grant, meanwhile, will be used for covering costs related to testing, Montgomery said.

Schools will have to participate in the state’s Lead in Schools program by sampling their drinking water to get any of the state funding, he said, and they won’t be able to use the money on projects completed before the state bill was signed into law.

Montgomery said the amount available to schools would depend on whether they have any fixtures over the “action level,” or fixtures with lead concentrations over 5 ppb. Funding will be prioritized on a first-come, first-served basis, he said.

Even if a school doesn’t have high samples of lead in its test results, Montgomery said, it could seek money to install water bottle filling stations with filters. Schools could also use the money for larger projects such as replacing piping, but, Montgomery said, the state will set a limit on how much each school can get. And, he said, it’s unlikely the money will be able to cover something like a $100,000 pipe replacement project.

The goal is to make money available to all schools, regardless of size, and ensure a couple of schools aren’t “gobbling” the entire amount, Montgomery said. That means schools with extensive issues will likely need to pick which areas to fix.

“We want to make sure the small schools have equal footing as the large schools,” Montgomery said.

Many Montana schools have already launched remediation projects after receiving high lead results.

One sink at Skyview High School in Billings had one of the highest levels of lead detected in schools across the state. Scott Reiter, the executive director of facilities for Billings Public Schools, said the sink was in a control room in the auditorium and people rarely used it. After the results came in, the fixture was removed to make the sink unusable.

On a larger scale, he said, all cold-water piping for drinking and sinks was replaced at Rimrock Learning Center in Billings last summer. Reiter said the school had been remodeled and all fixtures replaced about five years ago, so when lead was detected all over the school, it was clear it wasn’t just one fixture.

“We knew that it had to be in the lines,” Reiter said.

Reiter said the school district used leftover money from a 2013 elementary school district bond to replace Rimrock’s pipes, which he estimated cost $100,000.

While Reiter said he was disappointed costs from the Rimrock pipe replacements and other projects that have already happened couldn’t be reimbursed retroactively, he welcomed the state’s additional funding. “Any help to the schools for something like this is great,” he said.

The Great Falls Public Schools district also exemplifies how extensive and expensive such work can be. The district used $19,511 from an earlier $40,000 state allocation for drinking fountains, water bottle fillers and filters across schools in the district, said Brian Patrick, its director of business services and operations. He said the district also got 783 tests covered by the state, each costing $25.

His district used a bond passed in 2017 to fund a pipe replacement at Lewis and Clark Elementary School, where 23 tests came in at 5 ppb or higher. The pipes were replaced last summer, Patrick said, costing $411,252.

“It doesn’t get fixed in one fell swoop,” Patrick said.

This article was produced by KFF Health News, a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF. It has been published with permission.

。　　8月21日，3家A股公司披露公司实控人或董事长（拟）被证监部门行政处罚；1家已退市公司及相关责任主体被证监部门追责；1家上市公司被证监会立案。

二 | 　　其中，天域生物（603717.SH）实控人因违规减持，被罚没3560.33万元；沃格光电（603773.SH）实控人及持股5%以上股东相关方，因股份转让信披存在虚假记载，分别被罚款150万元、100万元；ST金花（600080.SH）董事长涉嫌持股变动信披违法违规，拟被罚款900万元；富通信息（已退市）因资金占用及财务造假问题，公司及间接控股股东、董监高共8名责任主体，合计被罚款3600万元；海希通讯（920405.BJ）涉嫌信披违法违规，被中国证监会立案。

三 | 　　专业人士对《中国经营报》记者表示，当前资本市场“严监严管”进一步走向常态化、精准化和全链条化。同日披露多起执法案件，有利于形成较强的集中警示效应。

四 | 密集执法也有利于压实“关键少数”责任、净化市场生态。　　天域生物实控人违规减持　　天域生物8月21日披露的《行政处罚决定书》显示，2021年4月22日，天域生物实控人、时任董事长罗卫国将其持有的1430万股天域生物股票协议转让给牧鑫青铜1号私募证券投资基金（以下简称“牧鑫青铜1号基金”）。罗卫国为牧鑫青铜1号基金唯一份额持有人，二者构成一致行动关系。　　2021年12月6日，罗卫国将其持有的全部牧鑫青铜1号基金份额转让给万某红。随后，天域生物披露相关公告，称基金份额转让后罗卫国与牧鑫青铜1号基金不再构成一致行动关系。　　2021年11—12月，罗卫国和牧鑫青铜1号基金减持天域生物股票1457.92万股，其中违规减持1167.77万股。　　2021年12月至2022年4月，万某红申请赎回牧鑫青铜1号基金份额并在收到赎回款后，全部转至罗卫国指定账户，牧鑫青铜1号基金减持天域生物股票的全部收益由罗卫国享有。　　重庆证监局认定，罗卫国与万某红之间的基金份额转让交易不具有商业实质，其目的是通过基金份额转让交易方式隐匿一致行动关系，规避上市公司大股东和一致行动人减持比例限制。

五 | 　　该局决定，对罗卫国违规减持行为给予警告，没收违法所得1585.33万元，并处以1975万元罚款。

六 | 　　天域生物在公告中称，上述事项仅涉及公司实际控制人罗卫国个人，与上市公司无关，不会对上市公司及子公司生产经营活动产生重大影响。　　沃格光电实控人股份转让信披不实　　沃格光电8月21日披露，公司控股股东、实际控制人及持股5%以上股东相关方收到江西证监局出具的《行政处罚决定书》。　　经查，沃格光电时任董事长、控股股东、实际控制人易伟华将其持有的1180万股沃格光电股份协议转让至深圳中锦程资产管理有限公司（以下简称“深圳中锦程”）旗下私募基金。

七 | 易伟华与深圳中锦程作为信披义务人通过沃格光电披露了股份协议转让相关情况。　　江西证监局查明，易伟华与深圳中锦程旗下私募基金的实际转让总价款、第二期标的股份转让价款支付时间与沃格光电披露不一致，导致沃格光电披露的相关公告存在虚假记载。　　该局决定，对易伟华、深圳中锦程给予警告，并分别处以150万元、100万元罚款。　　沃格光电表示，上述事项与公司经营和业务活动无关，不会对公司生产经营活动产生重大影响。　　ST金花董事长涉嫌持股变动信披违规　　ST金花（金花股份）8月21日公告，公司收到陕西证监局对公司董事长邢雅江的《行政处罚事先告知书》。　　经查明，2022年1月，法院公开拍卖“金花股份”股份。

八 | 邢雅江通过实际控制的陕西聚昶和商贸有限公司（以下简称“聚昶和商贸”），委托新余兴鹏同创企业管理合伙企业（以下简称“新余兴鹏”），以聚昶和商贸名义参与联合竞拍并代持其竞拍所得股份838.62万股，占公司总股份的2.25%。聚昶和商贸参与竞拍的资金主要直接来源于邢雅江控制的公司。　　2022年11月至2023年3月，新余兴鹏将代聚昶和商贸所持838.62万股金花股份股票减持完毕。　　陕西证监局表示，2022年2月邢博越任金花股份副总经理，持有金花股份股票占公司总股本的17.30%。邢雅江与邢博越系父子关系，二人为一致行动人。合计持有金花股份有表决权股份达到5%后，邢雅江与一致行动人所持金花股份有表决权股份比例减少超过1%时，邢雅江应当在该事实发生的次日通知金花股份并予公告。　　但邢雅江未依法履行上述义务，并因此导致金花股份多期定期报告存在虚假记载。陕西证监局拟决定对邢雅江责令改正，给予警告，并处以900万元罚款。　　ST金花表示，上述《行政处罚事先告知书》事项仅涉及公司董事长个人，不会对公司日常生产经营产生重大影响。　　富通信息退市仍被追责　　富通信息（已退市）8月21日披露的《行政处罚决定书》显示，2021—2023年，富通信息间接控股股东富通集团有限公司（以下简称“富通集团”），协调富通集团（嘉善）通信技术有限公司等5家供应商，与富通信息及其子公司签署无商业实质的贸易合同。　　前述5家供应商在收到预付款后，未按照协议约定供货，而是将相关预付款项提供给富通集团及其子公司使用。上述事项构成关联方非经营性资金占用，在2021—2023年发生额分别为9806.76万元、47679.94万元、22622.80万元。上述关联方非经营性资金占用事项未按规定及时披露，亦未在2021—2023年年报中予以披露，导致其2021—2023年年报存在重大遗漏。　　2021—2023年，富通集团还协调杭州富通通信技术股份有限公司等7家客户，与富通信息及其子公司签署无商业实质的贸易合同，造成富通信息2021年年报、2022年年报和2023年半年报的收入和利润存在虚假记载。各期分别虚增营业收入30410.78万元、35388.35万元、23749.40万元；虚增利润10977.72万元、5981.15万元、5097.31万元。

九 | 　　天津证监局决定，对富通信息、富通集团分别处以750万元罚款；对肖玮（时任富通信息董事、总经理）、周胜炎（时任富通集团副总裁）、吕军（时任富通信息董事、财务总监）等6名责任人分别处以700万—150万元的罚款。

十 | 　　同日密集披露强化集中警示效应　　“从监管基调看，当前资本市场‘依法从严、严监严管’的方向没有改变，并正进一步走向常态化、精准化和全链条化。”中央财经大学资本市场监管与改革研究中心副主任李晓表示，严监管已成为稳定、可预期的制度安排。　　8月21日披露的案件覆盖违规减持、虚假信披、资金占用和财务造假等多类违法行为，监管对象也直指实际控制人、控股股东、董事长及董监高等“关键少数”。“特别是对隐匿一致行动关系、利用无商业实质交易占用资金等行为穿透追责，并对退市公司继续追罚，表明监管坚持‘退市不免责、责任不落空’。”李晓强调。　　在李晓看来，同日密集披露多起执法案件，形成了较强的集中警示效应：无论是减持、股份转让，还是定期报告和关联资金往来，只要影响投资者判断，都必须真实、准确、完整披露。

十一 | 　　“这些案件通过没收违法所得、较高额度罚款、市场禁入以及对公司与个人分别追责，提高了违法成本，避免责任最终由上市公司和中小股东承担。”李晓同时表示，对已退市公司的持续追责，有助于消除“退市即免责”“时间久了就不再追究”的侥幸心理。　　“总体而言，这类密集执法有利于压实关键主体责任、净化市场生态，并以更明确的规则预期保护投资者权益。

十二 | ”李晓总结道。　　“结合8月21日公布的处罚和立案调查公司情况，当前证券监管的重点仍然是上市公司信息披露违规。”北京时择律师事务所主任臧小丽律师分析指出，上市公司信披违规仍然是当前市场上最常见、最突出的行政执法事项。　　臧小丽同时认为，在监管对象方面，监管层不仅处罚公司，更把重点放在对应的责任人身上，尤其是民营公司的实际控制人、高管。实控人违规已成为资本市场信披违规的重要诱因。“因此，监管的重点要放在‘关键少数’‘追首恶’上面，让实际控制人成为上市公司信披合规的第一责任人。”臧小丽表示。（文章来源：中国经营报）。